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匹配给定 IP 范围/掩码的 IPv4 地址

Match IPv4 address given IP range/mask?

本文关键字：掩码 IPv4 地址 范围 IP | 更新日期: 2023-09-27

无论是PHP还是正则表达式（或两者兼而有之），如何匹配IP地址范围？

示例传入 IP

10.210.12.12
10.253.12.12
10.210.12.254
10.210.12.95
10.210.12.60

样品范围

10.210.12.0/24
10.210.12.0/16
10.210.*.*
10.*.*.*

我知道我可以做到这一点：

?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)'.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)

。但它没有考虑范围。它只是让您匹配传入号码，以查看它是否是每个八位字节为 0-255 的 IP 地址。

编辑：

我在 ip2long 函数的 php.net 评论中也发现了这个功能。

function ip_in_network($ip, $net_addr, $net_mask){ 
    if($net_mask <= 0){ return false; } 
        $ip_binary_string = sprintf("%032b",ip2long($ip)); 
        $net_binary_string = sprintf("%032b",ip2long($net_addr)); 
        return (substr_compare($ip_binary_string,$net_binary_string,0,$net_mask) === 0); 
} 
ip_in_network("192.168.2.1","192.168.2.0",24); //true 
ip_in_network("192.168.6.93","192.168.0.0",16); //true 
ip_in_network("1.6.6.6","128.168.2.0",1); //false

它简短而甜蜜，但与星号情况不匹配。我也不知道它是否完全准确，因为当我认为它会是错误的时，它会返回一个真实的结果：

echo ip_in_network("192.168.2.1","192.167.0.0",1);

。但也许我误解了/1 会是什么。也许我需要使用/24。

我改编了 php.net 的答案并使其变得更好。

function netMatch($network, $ip) {
    $network=trim($network);
    $orig_network = $network;
    $ip = trim($ip);
    if ($ip == $network) {
        echo "used network ($network) for ($ip)'n";
        return TRUE;
    }
    $network = str_replace(' ', '', $network);
    if (strpos($network, '*') !== FALSE) {
        if (strpos($network, '/') !== FALSE) {
            $asParts = explode('/', $network);
            $network = @ $asParts[0];
        }
        $nCount = substr_count($network, '*');
        $network = str_replace('*', '0', $network);
        if ($nCount == 1) {
            $network .= '/24';
        } else if ($nCount == 2) {
            $network .= '/16';
        } else if ($nCount == 3) {
            $network .= '/8';
        } else if ($nCount > 3) {
            return TRUE; // if *.*.*.*, then all, so matched
        }
    }
    echo "from original network($orig_network), used network ($network) for ($ip)'n";
    $d = strpos($network, '-');
    if ($d === FALSE) {
        $ip_arr = explode('/', $network);
        if (!preg_match("@'d*'.'d*'.'d*'.'d*@", $ip_arr[0], $matches)){
            $ip_arr[0].=".0";    // Alternate form 194.1.4/24
        }
        $network_long = ip2long($ip_arr[0]);
        $x = ip2long($ip_arr[1]);
        $mask = long2ip($x) == $ip_arr[1] ? $x : (0xffffffff << (32 - $ip_arr[1]));
        $ip_long = ip2long($ip);
        return ($ip_long & $mask) == ($network_long & $mask);
    } else {
        $from = trim(ip2long(substr($network, 0, $d)));
        $to = trim(ip2long(substr($network, $d+1)));
        $ip = ip2long($ip);
        return ($ip>=$from and $ip<=$to);
    }
}
function ech($b) {
    if ($b) {
        echo "MATCHED'n";
    } else {
        echo "DID NOT MATCH'n";
    }
}
echo "CLASS A TESTS'n";
ech(netMatch('10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.*.*', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.0.0/16', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.169.1.0/24', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.1.90', '10.168.1.90'));
echo "'nCLASS B TESTS'n";
ech(netMatch('130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.*.*', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.0.0/16', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.169.1.0/24', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.1.90', '130.168.1.90'));
echo "'nCLASS C TESTS'n";
ech(netMatch('192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.*.*', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.0.0/16', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.169.1.0/24', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.1.90', '192.168.1.90'));
echo "'nCLASS D TESTS'n";
ech(netMatch('230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.*.*', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.0.0/16', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.169.1.0/24', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.1.90', '230.168.1.90'));
echo "'nCLASS E TESTS'n";
ech(netMatch('250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.*.*', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.0.0/16', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.169.1.0/24', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.1.90', '250.168.1.90'));

这会产生：

CLASS A TESTS
from orig network (10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100) used network (10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.168.*.*) used network (10.168.0.0/16) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.168.0.0/16) used network (10.168.0.0/16) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.169.1.0/24) used network (10.169.1.0/24) for (10.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (10.168.1.90) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS B TESTS
from orig network (130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100) used network (130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.168.*.*) used network (130.168.0.0/16) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.168.0.0/16) used network (130.168.0.0/16) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.169.1.0/24) used network (130.169.1.0/24) for (130.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (130.168.1.90) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS C TESTS
from orig network (192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100) used network (192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.168.*.*) used network (192.168.0.0/16) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.168.0.0/16) used network (192.168.0.0/16) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.169.1.0/24) used network (192.169.1.0/24) for (192.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (192.168.1.90) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS D TESTS
from orig network (230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100) used network (230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.168.*.*) used network (230.168.0.0/16) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.168.0.0/16) used network (230.168.0.0/16) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.169.1.0/24) used network (230.169.1.0/24) for (230.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (230.168.1.90) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS E TESTS
from orig network (250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100) used network (250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.168.*.*) used network (250.168.0.0/16) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.168.0.0/16) used network (250.168.0.0/16) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.169.1.0/24) used network (250.169.1.0/24) for (250.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (250.168.1.90) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED

我已经改进了上面的例子（我有一个带有/29 的网络掩码，所以它不起作用）。

function check_netmask($mask, $ip) {
    @list($net, $bits) = explode('/', $mask);
    $bits = isset($bits) ? $bits : 32;
    $bitmask = -pow(2, 32-$bits) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF;
    $netmask = ip2long($net) & $bitmask;
    $ip_bits = ip2long($ip)  & $bitmask;
    return (($netmask ^ $ip_bits) == 0);
}

如果您想查看它的实际效果，请添加以下内容：

print("IP Bits: " . str_pad(decbin(ip2long($ip)), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "'n";
print("Bitmask: " . str_pad(decbin($bitmask), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "'n";
print("Netmask: " . str_pad(decbin($netmask), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "'n";
print("Match:   " . str_pad(decbin($netmask ^ $ip_bits), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "'n";

用这样的东西运行它：

print var_dump(check_netmask($argv[1], $argv[2]));
<</div> div class="answers">

转换为 32 位无符号并使用布尔/按位运算。

例如，将 192.168.25.1 转换为 0xC0A81901。

然后，您可以通过转换掩码的点分十进制部分（即0xC0A81900）并创建一个 24 位掩码（即 0xFFFFFF00）来查看它是否与掩码 192.168.25/24 匹配。

在相关地址和掩码之间执行按位 AND，并与掩码规范的点分小数部分进行比较。 例如

0xC0A81901 AND 0xFFFFFF00 ==> 0xC0A81900 (result)
compare 0xC0A81900 (result) to 0xC0A81900.

我不懂PHP，但谷歌告诉我PHP有inet_pton（），这是我在C中用来执行从点分十进制到n位无符号的转换。 见 http://php.net/manual/en/function.inet-pton.php

使用此库：https://github.com/S1lentium/IPTools

//Check if IP is within Range:
echo Range::parse('192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254')->contains(new IP('192.168.1.5')); // true
echo Range::parse('::1-::ffff')->contains(new IP('::1234')); // true

Regex 听起来确实不像是处理子网掩码的正确工具（至少不是十进制）。这是可以做到的，但会很丑陋。

我强烈建议将字符串解析为 4 个整数，组合为 32 位 int，然后使用标准的按位运算（基本上是按位 AND，然后进行比较）。

使用 strpos 将它们匹配为字符串。

<?php
$ips = array();
$ips[0] = "10.210.12.12";
$ips[1] = "10.253.12.12";
$ips[2] = "10.210.12.254";
$ips[3] = "10.210.12.95";
$ips[4] = "10.210.12.60";
$matches = array();
foreach($ips as $ip){
    if(strpos($ip, "10.253.") === 0){
        $matches[] = $ip;
    }
}
print_r($matches);
?>
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