PHP 检查抛出的异常类型


PHP check thrown exception type

当然,在PHP中,你可以通过以下方式捕获所有抛出的异常:

try{
    /* code with exceptions */
}catch(Exception $e) {
    /* Handling exceptions */
}

但是有没有办法从 catch 块内部检查抛出的异常的异常类型?

您可以使用

get_class

try {
    throw new InvalidArgumentException("Non Sequitur!", 1);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo get_class($e);
}

您可以有多个catch块来捕获不同的异常类型。见下文:

try {
    /* code with exceptions */
} catch (MyFirstCustomException $e) {
    // We know it is a MyFirstCustomException
} catch (MySecondCustomException $e) {
    // We know it is a MySecondCustomException
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // If it is neither of the above, we can catch all remaining exceptions.
}

您应该知道,一旦 catch 语句捕获异常,就不会触发以下 catch 语句中的任何一个,即使它们与异常匹配。

还可以使用 get_class 方法获取任何对象的完整类名,包括异常。

我认为使用实例是一个更好的解决方案,因为它为您提供的信息不仅仅是您从get_class获得的类名。

class db_exception extends Exception {}
class db_handled_exception extends db_exception {}
class db_message_exception extends db_exception {}
function exception_type($ex){
    echo '<pre>';
    echo 'Type: [' . get_class($ex) . "]'n";
    echo "Instance of db_message_exception? " . var_export($ex instanceof db_message_exception,true) . "'n";
    echo "Instance of db_handled_exception? " . var_export($ex instanceof db_handled_exception,true) . "'n";
    echo "Instance of db_exception?         " . var_export($ex instanceof db_exception,true) . "'n";
    echo "Instance of Exception?            " . var_export($ex instanceof Exception,true) . "'n";
    echo '</pre>';
}
exception_type(new db_handled_exception());
exception_type(new db_message_exception());
exception_type(new db_exception());
exception_type(new exception());

这将产生如下结果

Type: [db_handled_exception]
Instance of db_message_exception? false
Instance of db_handled_exception? true
Instance of db_exception?         true
Instance of Exception?            true
Type: [db_message_exception]
Instance of db_message_exception? true
Instance of db_handled_exception? false
Instance of db_exception?         true
Instance of Exception?            true
Type: [db_exception]
Instance of db_message_exception? false
Instance of db_handled_exception? false
Instance of db_exception?         true
Instance of Exception?            true
Type: [Exception]
Instance of db_message_exception? false
Instance of db_handled_exception? false
Instance of db_exception?         false
Instance of Exception?            true

在某些情况下,您可能需要对异常进行分类并执行常见操作。

考虑到上面的示例,您可能只想显示类型 db_message_exceptiondb_handled_exception 的异常;在这种情况下,由于它们都是从db_exception继承的,您可以简单地说:

if ($ex instanceof db_exception){
   // show error message
}

您可能还希望包装异常,以避免将太多信息溢出到客户端屏幕:

if (!($ex instanceof db_exception)){
    throw new db_handled_exception('an unhandled exception occured', -1, $ex)   
}