如何使用 ord() 和 chr() 在 php 中实现下一个字符


How to implement in php next char using ord() and chr()

在狂野西部php,鉴于使用 PHP 获取字母表中下一个字母的最有效方法是通过应用于char(即一个大小的字符串)的前增量++运算符来实现:

$str = 'a';
echo ++$str; // prints 'b'
$str = 'z';
echo ++$str; // prints 'aa' 

而且有这种疯狂

  for ($char='A'; $char<='Z'; $char++) {
    echo $char;
  }

将打印出来

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBEBFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBNBOBPBQBRBSBTBUBVBWBXBYBZCACBCCCDCECFCGCHCICJCKCLCMCNCOCPCQCRCSCTCUCVCWCXCYCZDADBDCDDDEDFDGDHDIDJDKDLDMDNDODPDQDRDSDTDUDVDWDXDYDZEAEBECEDEEEFEGEHEIEJEKELEMENEOEPEQERESETEUEVEWEXEYEZFAFBFCFDFEFFFGFHFIFJFKFLFMFNFOFPFQFRFSFTFUFVFWFXFYFZGAGBGCGDGEGFGGGHGIGJGKGLGMGNGOGPGQGRGSGTGUGVGWGXGYGZHAHBHCHDHEHFHGHHHIHJHKHLHMHNHOHPHQHRHSHTHUHVHWHXHYHZIAIBICIDIEIFIGIHIIIJIKILIMINIOIPIQIRISITIUIVIWIXIYIZJAJBJCJDJEJFJGJHJIJJJKJLJMJNJOJPJQJRJSJTJUJVJWJXJYJZKAKBKCKDKEKFKGKHKIKJKKKLKMKNKOKPKQKRKSKTKUKVKWKXKYKZLALBLCLDLELFLGLHLILJLKLLLMLNLOLPLQLRLSLTLULVLWLXLYLZMAMBMCMDMEMFMGMHMIMJMKMLMMMNMOMPMQMRMSMTMUMVMWMXMYMZNANBNCNDNENFNGNHNINJNKNLNMNNNONPNQNRNSNTNUNVNWNXNYNZOAOBOCODOEOFOGOHOIOJOKOLOMONOOOPOQOROSOTOUOVOWOXOYOZPAPBPCPDPEPFPGPHPIPJPKPLPMPNPOPPPQPRPSPTPUPVPWPXPYPZQAQBQCQDQEQFQGQHQIQJQKQLQMQNQOQPQQQRQSQTQUQVQWQXQYQZRARBRCRDRERFRGRHRIRJRKRLRMRNRORPRQRRRSRTRURVRWRXRYRZSASBSCSDSESFSGSHSISJSKSLSMSNSOSPSQSRSSSTSUSVSWSXSYSZTATBTCTDTETFTGTHTITJTKTLTMTNTOTPTQTRTSTTTUTVTWTXTYTZUAUBUCUDUEUFUGUHUIUJUKULUMUNUOUPUQURUSUTUUUVUWUXUYUZVAVBVCVDVEVFVGVHVIVJVKVLVMVNVOVPVQVRVSVTVUVVVWVXVYVZWAWBWCWDWEWFWGWHWIWJWKWLWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWTWUWVWWWXWYWZXAXBXCXDXEXFXGXHXIXJXKXLXMXNXOXPXQXRXSXTXUXVXWXXXYXZYAYBYCYDYEYFYGYHYIYJYKYLYMYNYOYPYQYRYSYTYUYVYWYXYYYZ
因为"Z"之后是"AA"

,而"AA"比"Z"小。

所以正确的方法是打印下一个字符将是

foreach (range('A', 'Z') as $char) {
    echo $char;
  }

将打印出来

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

假设我们可以得到下一个带有模运算符的字符,并chr(ord())

$next=chr((((ord($c) - ord('A')) + 1) % 26) + ord('A'));

我需要一种方法来使用 ord()chr() 函数来执行++$char,从而

  $cmax=ord('A');
  $char='A';
  foreach (range('A', 'z') as $c) {
    ++$char;
    $next=chr((((ord($c) - $cmax) + 1) % 26) + $cmax);
    echo ord($c)." ".$c." ".$next." ".$char."'n";
  }

它将打印出来:

65 A B B
66 B C C
67 C D D
68 D E E
69 E F F
70 F G G
71 G H H
72 H I I
73 I J J
74 J K K
75 K L L
76 L M M
77 M N N
78 N O O
79 O P P
80 P Q Q
81 Q R R
82 R S S
83 S T T
84 T U U
85 U V V
86 V W W
87 W X X
88 X Y Y
89 Y Z Z
90 Z A AA
91 [ B AB
92 ' C AC
93 ] D AD
94 ^ E AE
95 _ F AF
96 ` G AG
97 a H AH
98 b I AI
99 c J AJ

由于在$next char 没有被积累,只是得到下一个。那么如何仅使用 chr( ord() ) 在第 3 列和第 4 列中获取相同的值呢?

[编辑]

我要澄清的是,我需要相同的输出 for 循环

for ($char='A'; $char<='Z'; $char++) {
    echo $char."'n";
}

那就像

A
B
C
...
Y
Z
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AF
...
YW
YX
YY
YZ

但仅使用 ord()chr() 以及模运算符。现在最后一个字节(第一个字节)只需通过模%26得到:

$byte_two=chr( ( ((ord($code) - ord('A')) + 1) % 26) + ord('A') );

在给定range('A', 'z')foreach中:

foreach (range('A', 'z') as $code) {
    $byte_one=chr( ( ((ord($code) - ord('A')) + 1) % 26) + ord('A') );
    echo ord($code)."'t".$byte_one."'n";
}

将打印出与++$char中相同字节位置完全相同的最后一个字节。所以我想我错过了$byte_two,这里的第一个字节。

[建议实施]

这是建议的实现

之一,也是我能够按照建议使用查找表得出的最简单实现的实现:

function lookupNextChar($c)
  {
    static $lookup_table=null;
    if ($lookup_table === null) {
      $lookup_table=explode(",","A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,AA,AB,AC,AD,AE,AF,AG,AH,AI,AJ,AK,AL,AM,AN,AO,AP,AQ,AR,AS,AT,AU,AV,AW,AX,AY,AZ,BA,BB,BC,BD,BE,BF,BG,BH,BI,BJ,BK,BL,BM,BN,BO,BP,BQ,BR,BS,BT,BU,BV,BW,BX,BY,BZ,CA,CB,CC,CD,CE,CF,CG,CH,CI,CJ,CK,CL,CM,CN,CO,CP,CQ,CR,CS,CT,CU,CV,CW,CX,CY,CZ,DA,DB,DC,DD,DE,DF,DG,DH,DI,DJ,DK,DL,DM,DN,DO,DP,DQ,DR,DS,DT,DU,DV,DW,DX,DY,DZ,EA,EB,EC,ED,EE,EF,EG,EH,EI,EJ,EK,EL,EM,EN,EO,EP,EQ,ER,ES,ET,EU,EV,EW,EX,EY,EZ,FA,FB,FC,FD,FE,FF,FG,FH,FI,FJ,FK,FL,FM,FN,FO,FP,FQ,FR,FS,FT,FU,FV,FW,FX,FY,FZ,GA,GB,GC,GD,GE,GF,GG,GH,GI,GJ,GK,GL,GM,GN,GO,GP,GQ,GR,GS,GT,GU,GV,GW,GX,GY,GZ,HA,HB,HC,HD,HE,HF,HG,HH,HI,HJ,HK,HL,HM,HN,HO,HP,HQ,HR,HS,HT,HU,HV,HW,HX,HY,HZ,IA,IB,IC,ID,IE,IF,IG,IH,II,IJ,IK,IL,IM,IN,IO,IP,IQ,IR,IS,IT,IU,IV,IW,IX,IY,IZ,JA,JB,JC,JD,JE,JF,JG,JH,JI,JJ,JK,JL,JM,JN,JO,JP,JQ,JR,JS,JT,JU,JV,JW,JX,JY,JZ,KA,KB,KC,KD,KE,KF,KG,KH,KI,KJ,KK,KL,KM,KN,KO,KP,KQ,KR,KS,KT,KU,KV,KW,KX,KY,KZ,LA,LB,LC,LD,LE,LF,LG,LH,LI,LJ,LK,LL,LM,LN,LO,LP,LQ,LR,LS,LT,LU,LV,LW,LX,LY,LZ,MA,MB,MC,MD,ME,MF,MG,MH,MI,MJ,MK,ML,MM,MN,MO,MP,MQ,MR,MS,MT,MU,MV,MW,MX,MY,MZ,NA,NB,NC,ND,NE,NF,NG,NH,NI,NJ,NK,NL,NM,NN,NO,NP,NQ,NR,NS,NT,NU,NV,NW,NX,NY,NZ,OA,OB,OC,OD,OE,OF,OG,OH,OI,OJ,OK,OL,OM,ON,OO,OP,OQ,OR,OS,OT,OU,OV,OW,OX,OY,OZ,PA,PB,PC,PD,PE,PF,PG,PH,PI,PJ,PK,PL,PM,PN,PO,PP,PQ,PR,PS,PT,PU,PV,PW,PX,PY,PZ,QA,QB,QC,QD,QE,QF,QG,QH,QI,QJ,QK,QL,QM,QN,QO,QP,QQ,QR,QS,QT,QU,QV,QW,QX,QY,QZ,RA,RB,RC,RD,RE,RF,RG,RH,RI,RJ,RK,RL,RM,RN,RO,RP,RQ,RR,RS,RT,RU,RV,RW,RX,RY,RZ,SA,SB,SC,SD,SE,SF,SG,SH,SI,SJ,SK,SL,SM,SN,SO,SP,SQ,SR,SS,ST,SU,SV,SW,SX,SY,SZ,TA,TB,TC,TD,TE,TF,TG,TH,TI,TJ,TK,TL,TM,TN,TO,TP,TQ,TR,TS,TT,TU,TV,TW,TX,TY,TZ,UA,UB,UC,UD,UE,UF,UG,UH,UI,UJ,UK,UL,UM,UN,UO,UP,UQ,UR,US,UT,UU,UV,UW,UX,UY,UZ,VA,VB,VC,VD,VE,VF,VG,VH,VI,VJ,VK,VL,VM,VN,VO,VP,VQ,VR,VS,VT,VU,VV,VW,VX,VY,VZ,WA,WB,WC,WD,WE,WF,WG,WH,WI,WJ,WK,WL,WM,WN,WO,WP,WQ,WR,WS,WT,WU,WV,WW,WX,WY,WZ,XA,XB,XC,XD,XE,XF,XG,XH,XI,XJ,XK,XL,XM,XN,XO,XP,XQ,XR,XS,XT,XU,XV,XW,XX,XY,XZ,YA,YB,YC,YD,YE,YF,YG,YH,YI,YJ,YK,YL,YM,YN,YO,YP,YQ,YR,YS,YT,YU,YV,YW,YX,YY,YZ");
      echo implode($lookup_table,',')."'n";
      echo count($lookup_table)."'n";
    }
    $idx=( ((ord($c) - ord('A')) + 1 ) % count($lookup_table));
    return $lookup_table[ $idx ];
  }

为了证明这一点,只需从range('A','z')中获取下一个$char

  $sum=$n='A';
  foreach (range('A','z') as $c) {
    $n=lookupNextChar($c,$lookup_table);
    ++$sum;
    echo "$c't$n't$sum'n";
  }

然后我得到

A   B   B
B   C   C
C   D   D
D   E   E
E   F   F
F   G   G
.. .. ..
X   Y   Y
Y   Z   Z
Z   AA  AA
[   AB  AB
'   AC  AC
]   AD  AD
^   AE  AE
.. ..  ..
x   CD  BD
y   DE  BE
z   EF  BF

这就是我想作为输出实现的愿望,即使使用不同的方式。

注意。当然,查找表是使用 ++ 运算符生成的:

$lookup_table=array();
for ($char='A'; $char<='Z'; $char++) {
 array_push($lookup_table,$char);
}

这并不意味着在 JavaScript 移植中以编程方式使用(参见注释)。

要求:允许以与PHP相同的方式递增字符串(请参阅问题中的链接)。 起初我想:有多不寻常?我仍然这么认为。

好的,我们需要生成一些不使用PHP例程的东西。

好的,有什么?

我认为它是一个"base26"数字。我选择将其实现为:

  • 对范围为 1 的每个数字使用一个数组。26.
  • 使用数组查找将数组中的数字转换为显示字符。

eval.in 的工作演示

为了方便起见,我把它放在PHP类中:

我尝试使代码易于理解...

base26 类:

class base26 { // it only does increment / addition 
    const
        numberBase = 26; 
    // These are characters used where A => 1 and Z is 26
    // These can be changed as you wish. They could be multibyte?
    //                              0        1         2     2
    //                              12345678901234567890123456
    public static $displayChars  = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

    /**
    * current number -  least significant digit is digit[0]      
    * 
    * @var array $digit - integer with range 1 .. 26 
    */ 
    public $digit = array();

    // initialize if nothing provided
    public function __construct($letters = 'A') 
    {
        $this->init($letters);
    }
    /**
    * Convert letters to base26 and store in the $digit array
    * 
    * @param string $letters
    * @return void
    */
    public function init($letters = 'A')
    {
        $this->digit = array();
        $lsd =  strlen($letters) - 1;
        for ($idx = $lsd; $idx >= 0; $idx--) {
            $this->digit[] = $this->charValue($letters[$idx]);
        }
    }
    /**
    * Increment the 'least significant digit' and then propagate the `carry`
    * when it exceeds the number base limit. 
    * 
    * @param integer $int -- default to 1
    * @return void
    */
    public function inc($int = 1) // addition with carry - easy to understand
    {
        $curDigit = 0; // add to least significant digit
        $carry    = 0; 
        $this->digit[$curDigit] += $int; 
        while ($this->digit[$curDigit] > self::numberBase) {
            $carry = 1; // next carry
            $this->digit[$curDigit] %= self::numberBase;          // reset digit 
            $curDigit++; // check next digit...
            if (isset($this->digit[$curDigit])) {
                $this->digit[$curDigit] += $carry;
            }
            else {
                $this->digit[$curDigit] = $carry;   
            }
        }
    }
    /**
    * Convert a number to a character to display 
    * 
    * @param intger $int
    * 
    * @return char
    */
    public function toChar($int) 
    {
        return self::$displayChars[$int - 1];
    }
    /**
    * The value of the character in the number base range
    * 
    * @param undefined $letter
    * @return integer 
    */
    public function charValue($letter) 
    {
        return stripos(self::$displayChars, $letter) + 1;
    }
    /**
    * return the current number values as a string using the display characters
    * 
    * @return string 
    */ 
    public function current() 
    {
        $digitCount = count($this->digit);
        $outStr = str_pad('A', count($this->digit));
        $outIdx = $digitCount - 1;
        for ($idx = 0;  $idx < $digitCount; $idx++, $outIdx-- ) {
            $outStr[$outIdx] = $this->toChar($this->digit[$idx]);    
        }
        return $outStr;
    }
}

例子:

// ---------------------------------------------
// show increment from Z -> AA
echo PHP_EOL;
$b26 = new base26('Z');
echo $b26->current() .'|';
$b26->inc();
echo $b26->current() .'|';
Output: Z|AA|
// ---------------------------------------------
// show increment from 'FY' -> FZ -> GA
echo PHP_EOL;
$b26->init('FY');
echo $b26->current() .'|';
$b26->inc();
echo $b26->current() .'|';
$b26->inc();
echo $b26->current() .'|';
Output: FY|FZ|GA|
// ---------------------------------------------
// Show it does what PHP does...
echo PHP_EOL;
$b26 = new base26();
while ($b26->current() <= 'Z') {
    echo $b26->current() .'|';
    $b26->inc();
}
Output: A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z|AA|AB|AC|AD|AE|AF|AG|AH|AI|AJ|AK|AL|AM|AN|AO ...

正如我在笔记中观察到的那样,在您达到/传递"Z"的值后,您的$char变量实际上变成了一个 2 个字符的字符串。我无法对此发表评论,但以下内容可能是您的请求不太昂贵的通用解决方案:始终使用字符串的"最后一个"字符。

  $cmax=ord('A');
  $char='A';
  foreach (range('A', 'z') as $c) {
    $next=chr((((ord($c) - $cmax) + 1) % 26) + $cmax);
    ++$char;
    echo ord($c)." ".$c." ".$next." ".$char[strlen($char)-1]."'n";
  }

https://eval.in/537739

65 A B B
66 B C C
67 C D D
68 D E E
69 E F F
70 F G G
71 G H H
72 H I I
73 I J J
74 J K K
75 K L L
76 L M M
77 M N N
78 N O O
79 O P P
80 P Q Q
81 Q R R
82 R S S
83 S T T
84 T U U
85 U V V
86 V W W
87 W X X
88 X Y Y
89 Y Z Z
90 Z A A
91 [ B B
92 ' C C
93 ] D D
94 ^ E E
95 _ F F
96 ` G G
97 a H H
98 b I I
99 c J J
100 d K K
101 e L L
102 f M M
103 g N N
104 h O O
105 i P P
106 j Q Q
107 k R R
108 l S S
109 m T T
110 n U U
111 o V V
112 p W W
113 q X X
114 r Y Y
115 s Z Z
116 t A A
117 u B B
118 v C C
119 w D D
120 x E E
121 y F F
122 z G G