如何使用PHP检测爬虫/蜘蛛 - How can one detect a crawler / spider using PHP?

如何使用PHP检测爬虫/蜘蛛？

我目前正在从事一个项目，我需要跟踪每个爬虫的访问。
我知道你应该使用HTTP_USER_AGENT但我不确定如何为此目的格式化代码，我知道用户代理可以很容易地更改，所以我也想知道是否可以添加更多参数以避免欺骗？

我正在尝试执行的示例代码..

<?php
$user_agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
if (strpos( $user_agent, 'Google') !== false)
{
echo "Googlebot is here";
}
?>

谢谢

根据验证Googlebot：

您可以使用反向 DNS 查找来
验证访问您服务器的漫游器是否确实是 Googlebot（或其他 Google 用户代理），验证该名称是否位于 googlebot.com 域中，然后使用该 googlebot 名称执行正向 DNS 查找。如果您担心垃圾邮件发送者或其他麻烦制造者在自称是 Googlebot 的同时访问您的网站，这将非常有用。

例如：

host 66.249.66.1 1.66.249.66.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com.

host crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com has address 66.249.66.1 Google 不会发布公开的 IP 地址列表，以便网站站长列入白名单。这是因为这些 IP 地址范围可能会更改，从而给任何对其进行硬编码的网站管理员带来问题。识别Googlebot访问的最佳方法是使用用户代理（Googlebot）。

您可以执行反向 DNS 查找：

function validateGoogleBotIP($ip) {
    $hostname = gethostbyaddr($ip); //"crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com"
    return preg_match('/'.google(bot)?'.com$/i', $hostname);
}
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Google') !== false) {
    if (validateGoogleBotIP($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
        echo 'It is ACTUALLY google';
    } else {
        echo 'Someone''s faking it!';
    }
} else {
    echo 'Nothing to do with Google';
}

100% 在我的网站上工作以检测机器人、爬虫、蜘蛛和复印机。

function isBotDetected() {
    if ( !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) and preg_match('/abacho|accona|AddThis|AdsBot|ahoy|AhrefsBot|AISearchBot|alexa|altavista|anthill|appie|applebot|arale|araneo|AraybOt|ariadne|arks|aspseek|ATN_Worldwide|Atomz|baiduspider|baidu|bbot|bingbot|bing|Bjaaland|BlackWidow|BotLink|bot|boxseabot|bspider|calif|CCBot|ChinaClaw|christcrawler|CMC'/0'.01|combine|confuzzledbot|contaxe|CoolBot|cosmos|crawler|crawlpaper|crawl|curl|cusco|cyberspyder|cydralspider|dataprovider|digger|DIIbot|DotBot|downloadexpress|DragonBot|DuckDuckBot|dwcp|EasouSpider|ebiness|ecollector|elfinbot|esculapio|ESI|esther|eStyle|Ezooms|facebookexternalhit|facebook|facebot|fastcrawler|FatBot|FDSE|FELIX IDE|fetch|fido|find|Firefly|fouineur|Freecrawl|froogle|gammaSpider|gazz|gcreep|geona|Getterrobo-Plus|get|girafabot|golem|googlebot|'-google|grabber|GrabNet|griffon|Gromit|gulliver|gulper|hambot|havIndex|hotwired|htdig|HTTrack|ia_archiver|iajabot|IDBot|Informant|InfoSeek|InfoSpiders|INGRID'/0'.1|inktomi|inspectorwww|Internet Cruiser Robot|irobot|Iron33|JBot|jcrawler|Jeeves|jobo|KDD'-Explorer|KIT'-Fireball|ko_yappo_robot|label'-grabber|larbin|legs|libwww-perl|linkedin|Linkidator|linkwalker|Lockon|logo_gif_crawler|Lycos|m2e|majesticsEO|marvin|mattie|mediafox|mediapartners|MerzScope|MindCrawler|MJ12bot|mod_pagespeed|moget|Motor|msnbot|muncher|muninn|MuscatFerret|MwdSearch|NationalDirectory|naverbot|NEC'-MeshExplorer|NetcraftSurveyAgent|NetScoop|NetSeer|newscan'-online|nil|none|Nutch|ObjectsSearch|Occam|openstat.ru'/Bot|packrat|pageboy|ParaSite|patric|pegasus|perlcrawler|phpdig|piltdownman|Pimptrain|pingdom|pinterest|pjspider|PlumtreeWebAccessor|PortalBSpider|psbot|rambler|Raven|RHCS|RixBot|roadrunner|Robbie|robi|RoboCrawl|robofox|Scooter|Scrubby|Search'-AU|searchprocess|search|SemrushBot|Senrigan|seznambot|Shagseeker|sharp'-info'-agent|sift|SimBot|Site Valet|SiteSucker|skymob|SLCrawler'/2'.0|slurp|snooper|solbot|speedy|spider_monkey|SpiderBot'/1'.0|spiderline|spider|suke|tach_bw|TechBOT|TechnoratiSnoop|templeton|teoma|titin|topiclink|twitterbot|twitter|UdmSearch|Ukonline|UnwindFetchor|URL_Spider_SQL|urlck|urlresolver|Valkyrie libwww'-perl|verticrawl|Victoria|void'-bot|Voyager|VWbot_K|wapspider|WebBandit'/1'.0|webcatcher|WebCopier|WebFindBot|WebLeacher|WebMechanic|WebMoose|webquest|webreaper|webspider|webs|WebWalker|WebZip|wget|whowhere|winona|wlm|WOLP|woriobot|WWWC|XGET|xing|yahoo|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|yandex|yeti|Zeus/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
    ) {
        return true; // 'Above given bots detected'
    }
    return false;
} // End :: isBotDetected()

要正确验证访问者是否来自搜索引擎，您需要的不仅仅是检查容易被欺骗的用户代理。

正确的方法是查找IP的主机名，并快速检查它是否与我们知道搜索引擎爬虫使用的任何主机名匹配。

如果主机名与其中一个已知的爬网程序匹配，则查找主机名的 IP 并查看两者是否匹配。如果其中一个步骤失败，则您有一个虚假的搜索引擎爬虫正在访问。

以下函数接受 IP 并遵循前面提到的步骤。它识别百度，必应，谷歌，雅虎和Yandex。

 /**
 * Validate a crawlers IP against the hostname 
 * Warning - str_ends_with() requires PHP 8
 *
 * @param   mixed   $ip 
 * @return  boolean
 */
function validate_crawler_ip( $testip ) {
   $hostname = strtolower( gethostbyaddr( $testip ) );
   $valid_host_names = array(
      '.crawl.baidu.com',
      '.crawl.baidu.jp',
      '.google.com',
      '.googlebot.com',
      '.crawl.yahoo.net',
      '.yandex.ru',
      '.yandex.net',
      '.yandex.com',
      '.search.msn.com',
   );
   $valid_ip = false;
   foreach ( $valid_host_names as $valid_host ) {
     // Using string_ends_with() to make sure the match is in the -end- of the hostname (to prevent fake matches)
     if ( str_ends_with( $hostname, $valid_host ) ) { // PHP 8 function
      $returned_ip = gethostbyname( $hostname );        
      if ( $returned_ip === $testip ) {
        // The looked up IP from the host matches the incoming IP - we have validated!
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  // No match - not valid crawler
  return false;
}