更新：
- 4月9日：
我已经检查了问题出在哪里。
首先，我在process_login.php中添加了一个echo，并删除了标题（'location…protected_page.php）。登录函数（在functions.php中）完成了他的工作，并正确地写入：$_SESSION['user_id']、$_SESSION['username']和$_SESSION['login_string']。
然后，我删除了process_login.php中的echos，并将标题（'location..重写为protected_page.php。（我回到原始代码）。之后在login_check中添加了一些回声，然后再添加任何iffunction login_check($mysqli) {
echo "<br>userid:".$_SESSION['user_id'];
echo "<br>username:".$_SESSION['username'];
echo "<br>loginstring:".$_SESSION['login_string'];
结果为空，因此SESSION变量在函数登录中被正确写入，但在protected_page的标头之后，变量似乎被删除了也许sec_session_start（）函数工作不正常？无论如何，我会听从@Manikiran的建议，我会继续工作，删除加密或其他什么。。。。感谢@Manikiran和@lps
原始问题：
我正在尝试做一个基本的登录系统。然而，我所做的并不奏效。该系统基本上是一个index.php，您可以在其中放置凭据，然后php验证您的用户是否存在以及密码是否正确。然后用户被重定向到protected_page.php。好吧，身份验证部分工作正常，当用户和密码正确时，网页会将您重定向到protected_page.php，而当用户和口令不正确时，页面会"告诉"您。
现在，问题是：在protected_page.php中显然有一个会话"检查器"，我的意思是，如果你正确连接了你的用户和密码，页面将向你显示私人html信息，如果你没有连接，页面不应向你显示任何信息。这是不起作用的，尽管你与用户正确连接，页面告诉你没有登录。。。。（注意：index.php还包含受保护的html，但也不起作用）
代码： （注意：sec_session_starts（）被认为是防止会话劫持的一种方法，它当然包含session_start（））
index.php: （我想它工作得很好，因为它在必要时重定向到protected_page（）。也许问题是我设置会话数据的部分中的登录（…）函数）
<?php
include_once 'includes/db_connect.php';
include_once 'includes/functions.php';
sec_session_start();
if (login_check($mysqli) == true) {
$logged = 'in';
} else {
$logged = 'out';
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Secure Login: Log In</title>
<script type="text/JavaScript" src="js/sha512.js"></script>
<script type="text/JavaScript" src="js/forms.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<?php
if (isset($_GET['error'])) {
echo '<p class="error">Error Logging In!</p>';
}
?>
<form action="includes/process_login.php" method="post" name="login_form">
Email: <input type="text" name="email" />
Password: <input type="password"
name="password"
id="password"/>
<input type="button"
value="Login"
onclick="formhash(this.form, this.form.password);" />
</form>
<?php
if (login_check($mysqli) == true) {
echo '<p>Currently logged ' . $logged . ' as ' . htmlentities($_SESSION['username']) . '.</p>';
echo '<p>Do you want to change user? <a href="includes/logout.php">Log out</a>.</p>';
} else {
echo '<p>Currently logged ' . $logged . '.</p>';
echo "<p>If you don't have a login, please <a href='register.php'>register</a></p>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
process_login.php（我想效果不错）
<?php
include_once 'db_connect.php';
include_once 'functions.php';
sec_session_start(); // Our custom secure way of starting a PHP session.
if (isset($_POST['email'], $_POST['p'])) {
$email = $_POST['email'];
$password = $_POST['p']; // The hashed password.
if (login($email, $password, $mysqli) == true) {
// Login success
header('Location: ../protected_page.php');
} else {
// Login failed
header('Location: ../index.php?error=1');
}
} else {
// The correct POST variables were not sent to this page.
echo 'Invalid Request';
}
functions.php:
<?php
include_once 'psl-config.php';
require_once 'passwordLib.php';
function sec_session_start() {
$session_name = 'sec_session_id'; // Set a custom session name
$secure = true;
// This stops JavaScript being able to access the session id.
$httponly = true;
// Forces sessions to only use cookies.
if (ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', 1) === FALSE) {
header("Location: ../error.php?err=Could not initiate a safe session (ini_set)");
exit();
}
// Gets current cookies params.
$cookieParams = session_get_cookie_params();
session_set_cookie_params($cookieParams["lifetime"],
$cookieParams["path"],
$cookieParams["domain"],
$secure,
$httponly);
// Sets the session name to the one set above.
session_name($session_name);
session_start(); // Start the PHP session
session_regenerate_id(true); // regenerated the session, delete the old one.
}
function login($email, $password, $mysqli) {
// Using prepared statements means that SQL injection is not possible.
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT id, username, password
FROM members
WHERE email = ?
LIMIT 1")) {
$stmt->bind_param('s', $email); // Bind "$email" to parameter.
$stmt->execute(); // Execute the prepared query.
$stmt->store_result();
// get variables from result.
$stmt->bind_result($user_id, $username, $db_password);
$stmt->fetch();
if ($stmt->num_rows == 1) {
// If the user exists we check if the account is locked
// from too many login attempts
if (checkbrute($user_id, $mysqli) == true) {
// Account is locked
// Send an email to user saying their account is locked
return false;
} else {
// Check if the password in the database matches
// the password the user submitted. We are using
// the password_verify function to avoid timing attacks.
if (password_verify($password, $db_password)) {
// Password is correct!
// Get the user-agent string of the user.
$user_browser = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
// XSS protection as we might print this value
$user_id = preg_replace("/[^0-9]+/", "", $user_id);
$_SESSION['user_id'] = $user_id;
// XSS protection as we might print this value
$username = preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9_'-]+/",
"",
$username);
$_SESSION['username'] = $username;
$_SESSION['login_string'] = hash('sha512',
$db_password . $user_browser);
// Login successful.
return true;
} else {
// Password is not correct
// We record this attempt in the database
$now = time();
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO login_attempts(user_id, time)
VALUES ('$user_id', '$now')");
return false;
}
}
} else {
// No user exists.
return false;
}
}
}
function checkbrute($user_id, $mysqli) {
// Get timestamp of current time
$now = time();
// All login attempts are counted from the past 2 hours.
$valid_attempts = $now - (2 * 60 * 60);
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT time
FROM login_attempts
WHERE user_id = ?
AND time > '$valid_attempts'")) {
$stmt->bind_param('i', $user_id);
// Execute the prepared query.
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->store_result();
// If there have been more than 5 failed logins
if ($stmt->num_rows > 5) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
function login_check($mysqli) {
// Check if all session variables are set
if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'],
$_SESSION['username'],
$_SESSION['login_string'])) {
$user_id = $_SESSION['user_id'];
$login_string = $_SESSION['login_string'];
$username = $_SESSION['username'];
// Get the user-agent string of the user.
$user_browser = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT password
FROM members
WHERE id = ? LIMIT 1")) {
// Bind "$user_id" to parameter.
$stmt->bind_param('i', $user_id);
$stmt->execute(); // Execute the prepared query.
$stmt->store_result();
if ($stmt->num_rows == 1) {
// If the user exists get variables from result.
$stmt->bind_result($password);
$stmt->fetch();
$login_check = hash('sha512', $password . $user_browser);
if (hash_equals($login_check, $login_string) ){
// Logged In!!!!
return true;
} else {
// Not logged in
return false;
}
} else {
// Not logged in
return false;
}
} else {
// Not logged in
return false;
}
} else {
// Not logged in
return false;
}
}
function esc_url($url) {
if ('' == $url) {
return $url;
}
$url = preg_replace('|[^a-z0-9-~+_.?#=!&;,/:%@$'|*''()''x80-''xff]|i', '', $url);
$strip = array('%0d', '%0a', '%0D', '%0A');
$url = (string) $url;
$count = 1;
while ($count) {
$url = str_replace($strip, '', $url, $count);
}
$url = str_replace(';//', '://', $url);
$url = htmlentities($url);
$url = str_replace('&', '&', $url);
$url = str_replace("'", ''', $url);
if ($url[0] !== '/') {
// We're only interested in relative links from $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']
return '';
} else {
return $url;
}
}
protected_page.php：（或者问题可能出现在login_check，它检查会话数据
<?php
include_once 'includes/db_connect.php';
include_once 'includes/functions.php';
sec_session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Secure Login: Protected Page</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<?php if (login_check($mysqli) == true) : ?>
<p>Welcome <?php echo htmlentities($_SESSION['username']); ?>!</p>
<p>
This is an example protected page. To access this page, users
must be logged in. At some stage, we'll also check the role of
the user, so pages will be able to determine the type of user
authorised to access the page.
</p>
<p>Return to <a href="index.php">login page</a></p>
<?php else : ?>
<p>
<span class="error">You are not authorized to access this page.</span> Please <a href="index.php">login</a>.
</p>
<?php endif; ?>
</body>
</html>
psl-config和db_connect与数据库连接，我认为它运行良好。passwordLib.php是一个库，因为我的服务器有php5.4，而我使用的是php5函数。这个库被用来帮助进行一些密码加密或其他什么，我认为问题也不在这里。无论如何，我把代码：
<?php
/**
* PHP 5.5-like password hashing functions
*
* Provides a password_hash() and password_verify() function as appeared in PHP 5.5.0
*
* See: http://php.net/password_hash and http://php.net/password_verify
*
* @link https://github.com/Antnee/phpPasswordHashingLib
*/
require_once('passwordLibClass.php');
if (!function_exists('password_hash')){
function password_hash($password, $algo=PASSWORD_DEFAULT, $options=array()){
$crypt = NEW Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib;
$crypt->setAlgorithm($algo);
$debug = isset($options['debug'])
? $options['debug']
: NULL;
$password = $crypt->generateCryptPassword($password, $options, $debug);
return $password;
}
}
if (!function_exists('password_verify')){
function password_verify($password, $hash){
return (crypt($password, $hash) === $hash);
}
}
if (!function_exists('password_needs_rehash')){
function password_needs_rehash($hash, $algo, $options=array()){
$crypt = NEW Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib;
return !$crypt->verifyCryptSetting($hash, $algo, $options);
}
}
if (!function_exists('password_get_info')){
function password_get_info($hash){
$crypt = NEW Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib;
return $crypt->getInfo($hash);
}
}
passwordlibclass.php：
<?php
/**
* PHP 5.5-like password hashing functions
*
* Provides a password_hash() and password_verify() function as appeared in PHP 5.5.0
*
* See: http://php.net/password_hash and http://php.net/password_verify
*
* @link https://github.com/Antnee/phpPasswordHashingLib
*/
namespace Antnee'PhpPasswordLib;
if (!defined('PASSWORD_BCRYPT')) define('PASSWORD_BCRYPT', 1);
// Note that SHA hashes are not implemented in password_hash() or password_verify() in PHP 5.5
// and are not recommended for use. Recommend only the default BCrypt option
if (!defined('PASSWORD_SHA256')) define('PASSWORD_SHA256', -1);
if (!defined('PASSWORD_SHA512')) define('PASSWORD_SHA512', -2);
if (!defined('PASSWORD_DEFAULT')) define('PASSWORD_DEFAULT', PASSWORD_BCRYPT);
class PhpPasswordLib{
CONST BLOWFISH_CHAR_RANGE = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMONPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
CONST BLOWFISH_CRYPT_SETTING = '$2a$';
CONST BLOWFISH_CRYPT_SETTING_ALT = '$2y$'; // Available from PHP 5.3.7
CONST BLOWFISH_ROUNDS = 10;
CONST BLOWFISH_NAME = 'bcrypt';
// Note that SHA hashes are not implemented in password_hash() or password_verify() in PHP 5.5
// and are not recommended for use. Recommend only the default BCrypt option
CONST SHA256_CHAR_RANGE = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMONPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
CONST SHA256_CRYPT_SETTING = '$5$';
CONST SHA256_ROUNDS = 5000;
CONST SHA256_NAME = 'sha256';
CONST SHA512_CHAR_RANGE = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMONPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
CONST SHA512_CRYPT_SETTING = '$6$';
CONST SHA512_ROUNDS = 5000;
CONST SHA512_NAME = 'sha512';
/**
* Default Crypt Algorithm
*
* @var INT
*/
private $algorithm = PASSWORD_BCRYPT;
/**
* Name of the current algorithm
*
* @var STRING
*/
private $algoName;
/**
* Setting for PHP Crypt function, defines algorithm
*
* Default setting is '$2a$' : BCrypt
*
* @var STRING
*/
protected $cryptSetting;
/**
* Setting for PHP Crypt function, defines processing cost
*
* Default setting is '08$' for BCrypt rounds
*
* @var INT
*/
protected $rounds;
/**
* Salt Character Count for Crypt Functions
*
* @var INT
*/
protected $addSaltChars;
/**
* Salt Character Range for Crypt Functions
*
* @var STRING
*/
protected $saltCharRange;
/**
* Class Constructor
*/
public function __construct(){
// Initialise default algorithm
$this->setAlgorithm($this->algorithm);
}
/**
* Generate Crypt Password
*
* @param STRING $password The password to encode
* @param ARRAY $options Cost value, and Salt if required
* @param BOOL $debug If true will return time to calculate hash
* @return STRING The encoded password
*/
public function generateCryptPassword($password, $options = array(), $debug = FALSE){
$startTime = microtime(TRUE);
if (isset($options['cost'])) $this->setCost($options['cost']);
$salt = $this->cryptSalt(@$options['salt']);
$crypt = crypt($password, $salt);
$endTime = microtime(TRUE);
if ($debug){
$calcTime = $endTime - $startTime;
return $calcTime;
}
return $crypt;
}
/**
* Generate Crypt Salt
*
* Generates a salt suitable for Crypt using the defined crypt settings
*
* @param STRING $salt Override random salt with predefined value
* @return STRING
*/
public function cryptSalt($salt=NULL){
if (empty($salt)){
for ($i = 0; $i<$this->addSaltChars; $i++){
$salt .= $this->saltCharRange[rand(0,(strlen($this->saltCharRange)-1))];
}
}
$salt = $this->cryptSetting.$this->rounds.$salt.'$';
return $salt;
}
/**
* Set Crypt Setting
*
* @param type $setting
* @return 'Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib
*/
public function cryptSetting($setting){
$this->cryptSetting = $setting;
return $this;
}
/**
* Salt Character Count
*
* @param INT $count Number of characters to set
* @return 'Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib|boolean
*/
public function addSaltChars($count){
if (is_int($count)){
$this->addSaltChars = $count;
return $this;
} else {
return FALSE;
}
}
/**
* Salt Character Range
*
* @param STRING $chars
* @return 'Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib|boolean
*/
public function saltCharRange($chars){
if (is_string($chars)){
$this->saltCharRange = $chars;
return $this;
} else {
return FALSE;
}
}
/**
* Set Crypt Algorithm
*
* @param INT $algo
* @return 'Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib
*/
public function setAlgorithm($algo=NULL){
switch ($algo){
case PASSWORD_SHA256:
$this->algorithm = PASSWORD_SHA256;
$this->cryptSetting(self::SHA256_CRYPT_SETTING);
$this->setCost(self::SHA256_ROUNDS);
$this->addSaltChars(16);
$this->saltCharRange(self::SHA256_CHAR_RANGE);
$this->algoName = self::SHA256_NAME;
break;
case PASSWORD_SHA512:
$this->algorithm = PASSWORD_SHA512;
$this->cryptSetting(self::SHA512_CRYPT_SETTING);
$this->setCost(self::SHA512_ROUNDS);
$this->addSaltChars(16);
$this->saltCharRange(self::SHA512_CHAR_RANGE);
$this->algoName = self::SHA512_NAME;
break;
case PASSWORD_BCRYPT:
default:
$this->algorithm = PASSWORD_BCRYPT;
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.7') >= 1){
// Use improved Blowfish algorithm if supported
$this->cryptSetting(self::BLOWFISH_CRYPT_SETTING_ALT);
} else {
$this->cryptSetting(self::BLOWFISH_CRYPT_SETTING);
}
$this->setCost(self::BLOWFISH_ROUNDS);
$this->addSaltChars(22);
$this->saltCharRange(self::BLOWFISH_CHAR_RANGE);
$this->algoName = self::BLOWFISH_NAME;
break;
}
return $this;
}
/**
* Set Cost
*
* @todo implement
*
* @return 'Antnee'PhpPasswordLib'PhpPasswordLib
*/
public function setCost($rounds){
switch ($this->algorithm){
case PASSWORD_BCRYPT:
$this->rounds = $this->setBlowfishCost($rounds);
break;
case PASSWORD_SHA256:
case PASSWORD_SHA512:
$this->rounds = $this->setShaCost($rounds);
break;
}
return $this;
}
/**
* Set Blowfish hash cost
*
* Minimum 4, maximum 31. Value is base-2 log of actual number of rounds, so
* 4 = 16, 8 = 256, 16 = 65,536 and 31 = 2,147,483,648
* Defaults to 8 if value is out of range or incorrect type
*
* @param int $rounds
* @return STRING
*/
private function setBlowfishCost($rounds){
if (!is_int($rounds) || $rounds < 4 || $rounds > 31){
$rounds = $rounds = self::BLOWFISH_ROUNDS;
}
return sprintf("%02d", $rounds)."$";
}
/**
* Set SHA hash cost
*
* Minimum 1000, maximum 999,999,999
* Defaults to 5000 if value is out of range or incorrect type
*
* @param INT $rounds
* @return STRING
*/
private function setShaCost($rounds){
if (!is_int($rounds) || $rounds < 1000 || $rounds > 999999999){
switch ($this->algorithm){
case PASSWORD_SHA256:
$rounds = self::SHA256_ROUNDS;
case PASSWORD_SHA512:
default:
$rounds = self::SHA512_ROUNDS;
}
}
return "rounds=" . $rounds ."$";
}
/**
* Get hash info
*
* @param STRING $hash
* @return ARRAY
*/
public function getInfo($hash){
$params = explode("$", $hash);
if (count($params) < 4) return FALSE;
switch ($params['1']){
case '2a':
case '2y':
case '2x':
$algo = PASSWORD_BCRYPT;
$algoName = self::BLOWFISH_NAME;
break;
case '5':
$algo = PASSWORD_SHA256;
$algoName = self::SHA256_NAME;
break;
case '6':
$algo = PASSWORD_SHA512;
$algoName = self::SHA512_NAME;
break;
default:
return FALSE;
}
$cost = preg_replace("/[^0-9,.]/", "", $params['2']);
return array(
'algo' => $algo,
'algoName' => $algoName,
'options' => array(
'cost' => $cost
),
);
}
/**
* Verify Crypt Setting
*
* Checks that the hash provided is encrypted at the current settings or not,
* returning BOOL accordingly
*
* @param STRING $hash
* @return BOOL
*/
public function verifyCryptSetting($hash, $algo, $options=array()){
$this->setAlgorithm($algo);
if (isset($options['cost'])) $this->setCost($options['cost']);
$setting = $this->cryptSetting.$this->rounds;
return (substr($hash, 0, strlen($setting)) === $setting);
}
}
最后评论：我保证我已经搜索了很多，但在其他问题中没有发现这个特定的问题。非常感谢。
问题是hash_equals（）工作不好，尽管比较的两个变量完全相同，但该函数返回false。我试着把它改成不同的库，但没有办法。（我记得我的主机有php 5.4，我不能使用password_hash（）函数。
唯一的解决方案是改变这一点，或者找到一个正确替换password_hash（）的库。